Diagonal Cumulation of Rules of Origin in South America

This paper provides a description of what Rules of Origin are, its economic effects, the main RoO types and the options for adding leniency to these rules by means of using the diagonal cumulation. Nowadays, cumulation of origin is studied in different trade agreements models in the Americas and the use of this practice among FTAs families of one or another style is imminent. According to evidence provided by several papers (Cornejo and Harris, 2007; Gasiorek, 2007; and Estavadeordal and Suominem, 2008), we estimate that taking measures for adding leniency to RoO structures will make it more attractive for regional firms to import from within the region. Finally, more flexible rules of origin will make the region more attractive to foreign investors and, as a consequence, will foster investment flows from abroad. We consider that South American countries have now an opportunity to define a strategy for cumulating origin norms among them. Therefore, it is necessary to negotiate the implementation of a single RoO regime for the region. In this negotiation we think MERCOSUR would be the leading PTA, due to the fact that it is the main player in the region.Rules of Origin, Diagonal Cumulation, Regional Integration.

El primer retrato de Artigas: un modelo para deconstruir

Desde fines del siglo XIX, cuando empezaron a fijarse los relatos fundacionales de las naciones latinoamericanas, aquellos hombres (y algunas pocas mujeres) que fueron identificados por la historiografía como próceres o héroes de la emancipación en América Latina tomaron cuerpo en sus retratos, José Gervasio Artigas (1764-1850) entre ellos. Y sobre todo tomaron un rostro, unos rasgos que se volvieron icónicos, multiplicados y difundidos en imágenes impresas. Esos rasgos tuvieron un doble propósito: debían ser inconfundibles e idealizados a la vezFil: Malosetti Costa, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad Presidencia; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Study of the Spectral Response of Sky Quality Measurers

Treballs Finals de Grau de Física, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2022, Tutor: Salvador J. RibasThe aim of this project is to study the spectral response of two sky quality measurers, SQM and TESS-W, and compare the instrumental sky brightness obtained by these two photometers with the sky brightness obtained synthetically using its spectral response and night sky spectra from Montsec (Lleida), measured by SAND-4B spectrometer. We are going to analyze the difference between the magnitude measured by SQM and TESS-W to study if the atmospheric emission (airglow) at red wavelengths triggers the difference between the sky brightness measured by the previously mentioned instruments at the Montse

A new algebraic invariant for weak equivalence of sofic subshifts

It is studied how taking the inverse image by a sliding block code affects the syntactic semigroup of a sofic subshift. Two independent approaches are used: ζ-semigroups as recognition structures for sofic subshifts, and relatively free profinite semigroups. A new algebraic invariant is obtained for weak equivalence of sofic subshifts, by determining which classes of sofic subshifts naturally defined by pseudovarieties of finite semigroups are closed under weak equivalence. Among such classes are the classes of almost finite type subshifts and aperiodic subshifts. The algebraic invariant is compared with other robust conjugacy invariants.Research programme AutoMathA of ESF; Pessoa bilateral project Egide/Grices 11113YM "Automata, profinite semigroups and symbolic dynamics"; FCT, grant SFRH/BD/24200/2005; POCI 2010; FS